我在批处理脚本中遇到了麻烦,该脚本需要将配置文件中的值解析为变量。
适当地匿名化,文件的相关行看起来像
<?define ProductShortName="Foo" ?>
I want to set a variable to Foo
. The string ProductShortName
is unique enough to get the line with findstr
, but then I have to extract the value. The correct approach seems to be for /F
, but all of the following give errors:
for /F "delims=^" usebackq" %%G in (`findstr /L "ProductShortName" "%~dp0Installer\Branding.wxi"`)
for /F "delims="" usebackq" %%G in (`findstr /L "ProductShortName" "%~dp0Installer\Branding.wxi"`)
for /F "delims=\" usebackq" %%G in (`findstr /L "ProductShortName" "%~dp0Installer\Branding.wxi"`)
for /F 'delims=^" usebackq' %%G in (`findstr /L "ProductShortName" "%~dp0Installer\Branding.wxi"`)
for /F 'delims=" usebackq' %%G in (`findstr /L "ProductShortName" "%~dp0Installer\Branding.wxi"`)
for /F "delims=" usebackq" %%G in (`findstr /L "ProductShortName" "%~dp0Installer\Branding.wxi"`)
大部分遵循
usebackq" %G in (`findstr /L "ProductShortName" "C:\foo\bar\Installer\Branding.wxi"`) was unexpected at this time.
What's the correct way of escaping it to split the string on "
?
最佳答案
您可以使用双引号作为定界符,语法如下:
FOR /F delims^=^"^ tokens^=2 %G IN ('echo I "want" a "pony"') DO @ECHO %G
When run on the command line, using tokens^=2
should give you want
, and 4 tokens gets you a pony.
将技术应用于您的原始问题,这应该在您的批处理文件中起作用:
FOR /F delims^=^"^ tokens^=2 %%G IN ('FINDSTR /L "ProductShortName" "data.txt"')
细节
I'm no expert on quirks of the command line parser, but it may help to think of the usual "delims=blah tokens=blah"
as a single, combined argument passed to FOR. The caret escaping trick in delims^=blah^ tokens^=blah
bypasses the need for enclosing quotes while still treating the sequence as a single argument. I've used a bit of creative analogy here, and the effect isn't universal across the shell. E.g. you can't do dir C:^\Program^ Files
(which makes sense since ^
is a valid filename character).
测试用例
通过足够的转义,您可以在命令行上快速检查原始样本:
FOR /F delims^=^"^ tokens^=2 %G IN ('echo ^^^<?define ProductShortName="Foo" ?^^^>') DO @ECHO %G
其他与此相关的人可能想要创建文件testcases.txt:
blah blah "red"
blah "green" blah
How about a "white" "unicorn"?
并运行类似:
FOR /F delims^=^"^ tokens^=2 %G IN (testcases.txt) DO @ECHO %G
检查各种输入的结果。在这种情况下,它应该产生:
red
green
white
最后一个例子:
FOR /F delims^=^"^ tokens^=2 %G IN ('FINDSTR /L "unicorn" "testcases.txt"') ^
DO @ECHO The unicorn is %G.
最后,请注意我的测试是在Windows Server 2003上完成的。