使用列表时的排序问题

提问

我有一个.txt文件,其中包含IP地址列表：

111.67.74.234:8080
111.67.75.89:8080
12.155.183.18:3128
128.208.04.198:2124
142.169.1.233:80 

不仅如此：)

无论如何,使用Python将其导入到列表中,我试图将其排序,但是遇到了麻烦.有人有什么想法吗？

编辑：
好的,因为那是模糊的,所以这就是我所说的.

f = open("/Users/jch5324/Python/Proxy/resources/data/list-proxy.txt", 'r+')
lines = [x.split() for x in f]
new_file = (sorted(lines, key=lambda x:x[:18]))

最佳答案

当您希望对它们进行数字排序时,您可能会按ascii字符串比较(‘.’<'5'等)对其进行排序.尝试将它们转换为整数元组,然后进行排序：

def ipPortToTuple(string):
    """
        '12.34.5.678:910' -> (12,34,5,678,910)
    """
    ip,port = string.strip().split(':')
    return tuple(int(i) for i in ip.split('.')) + (port,)

with open('myfile.txt') as f:
    nonemptyLines = (line for line in f if line.strip()!='')
    sorted(nonemptyLines, key=ipPortToTuple)

编辑：得到的ValueError是因为您的文本文件不完全像您暗示的那样是#.#.#.#：#格式. (可能会有注释或空白行,但是在这种情况下,错误提示行中包含多个’：’.)您可以通过捕获异常并发出有用的信息,使用调试技术来解决问题调试数据：

def tryParseLines(lines):
    for line in lines:
        try:
            yield ipPortToTuple(line.strip())
        except Exception:
            if __debug__:
                print('line {} did not match #.#.#.#:# format'.format(repr(line)))

with open('myfile.txt') as f:
    sorted(tryParseLines(f))

我在上面有点草率,因为它仍然允许一些无效的IP地址通过(例如#.#.#.#.#或257.-1.#.#).下面是一个更彻底的解决方案,它允许您执行诸如将IP地址与<运算符,自然也可以使排序工作：

#!/usr/bin/python3

import functools
import re

@functools.total_ordering
class Ipv4Port(object):
    regex = re.compile(r'(\d{1,3})\.(\d{1,3})\.(\d{1,3})\.(\d{1,3}):(\d{1,5})')

    def __init__(self, ipv4:(int,int,int,int), port:int):
        try:
            assert type(ipv4)==tuple and len(ipv4)==4, 'ipv4 not 4-length tuple'
            assert all(0<=x<256 for x in ipv4), 'ipv4 numbers not in valid range (0<=n<256)'
            assert type(port)==int, 'port must be integer'
        except AssertionError as ex:
            print('Invalid IPv4 input: ipv4={}, port={}'.format(repr(ipv4),repr(port)))
            raise ex

        self.ipv4 = ipv4
        self.port = port

        self._tuple = ipv4+(port,)

    @classmethod
    def fromString(cls, string:'12.34.5.678:910'):
        try:
            a,b,c,d,port = cls.regex.match(string.strip()).groups()
            ip = tuple(int(x) for x in (a,b,c,d))
            return cls(ip, int(port))
        except Exception as ex:
            args = list(ex.args) if ex.args else ['']
            args[0] += "\n...indicating ipv4 string {} doesn't match #.#.#.#:# format\n\n".format(repr(string))
            ex.args = tuple(args)
            raise ex

    def __lt__(self, other):
        return self._tuple < other._tuple
    def __eq__(self, other):
        return self._tuple == other._tuple

    def __repr__(self):
        #return 'Ipv4Port(ipv4={ipv4}, port={port})'.format(**self.__dict__)
        return "Ipv4Port.fromString('{}.{}.{}.{}:{}')".format(*self._tuple)

接着：

def tryParseLines(lines):
    for line in lines:
        line = line.strip()
        if line != '':
            try:
                yield Ipv4Port.fromString(line)
            except AssertionError as ex:
                raise ex
            except Exception as ex:
                if __debug__:
                    print(ex)
                raise ex

演示：

>>> lines = '222.111.22.44:214 \n222.1.1.1:234\n 23.1.35.6:199'.splitlines()
>>> sorted(tryParseLines(lines))
[Ipv4Port.fromString('23.1.35.6:199'), Ipv4Port.fromString('222.1.1.1:234'), Ipv4Port.fromString('222.111.22.44:214')]

将值更改为例如264 …或…- 35 …将导致相应的错误.