我有一个多线程项目,应该在其中创建一个酒店的模拟。
I've got this receptionist struct and their job is to constantly find if there's a free room (done in check_free_rooms
method, accommodate_guests
is his thread method). If he found a number_to_check_in
, is_a_room_ready
is set to true
and one of guest threads waiting for a room is notified.
Every guest has a field being a reference to the receptionist (there is only one in the hotel) and the guests are waiting on the receptionist's condition variable receptionist.cv
to be notified with the condition of receptionist.is_a_room_ready
becoming true. Then, if I understand correctly, one random guest should get a room and the other ones should patiently wait for another notification from the receptionist.
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <thread>
#include <mutex>
#include <chrono>
#include <algorithm>
#include <experimental/random>
#include <atomic>
#include <ncurses.h>
#include <condition_variable>
#include <memory>
std::mutex mx_writing;
struct Guest;
struct Room
{
Room() {}
int id;
int guest_id;
std::atomic<bool> is_ready_for_guest{true};
void guest_arrives(int guest_id)
{
this->guest_id = guest_id;
this->is_ready_for_guest = false;
}
void guest_leaves(int guest_id)
{
this->guest_id = -1;
}
};
struct Receptionist
{
Receptionist(std::vector<Room> &rooms) : rooms(rooms) {}
std::vector<Room> &rooms;
std::mutex mx;
std::condition_variable cv;
std::atomic<bool> is_a_room_ready{false};
int number_to_check_in = 0;
void check_free_rooms()
{
std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock_receptionist(mx);
do
{
this->number_to_check_in = std::experimental::randint(0, (int)rooms.size() - 1); //find an empty room
} while (!rooms[this->number_to_check_in].is_ready_for_guest);
is_a_room_ready = true;
cv.notify_one();
}
void accommodate_guests()
{
while (true)
{
check_free_rooms();
std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(100));
}
}
};
struct Guest
{
Guest(int id, Receptionist &receptionist, Coffee_machine &coffee_machine,
Swimming_pool &swimming_pool) : id(id), receptionist(receptionist),
coffee_machine(coffee_machine), swimming_pool(swimming_pool) {}
int id;
int room_id;
Receptionist &receptionist;
Coffee_machine &coffee_machine;
Swimming_pool &swimming_pool;
void check_in()
{
std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock_receptionist(receptionist.mx);
while (!receptionist.is_a_room_ready)
{
receptionist.cv.wait(lock_receptionist);
}
receptionist.is_a_room_ready = false;
this->room_id = receptionist.number_to_check_in; //assign room to guest
receptionist.rooms[this->room_id].guest_arrives(this->id); //assign guest to room && room becomes occupied
{
std::lock_guard<std::mutex> writing_lock(mx_writing);
std::cout << "Guest " << this->id << " accomodated in room " << this->room_id << std::endl;
}
std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(20));
}
void have_holiday()
{
check_in();
std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(std::experimental::randint(500, 700)));
}
};
int main()
{
std::vector<Room> rooms(10);
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
{
rooms[i].id = i;
}
Receptionist receptionist(rooms);
std::vector<Guest> guests;
for (int i = 0; i < 15; i++)
{
guests.emplace_back(Guest(i, receptionist, coffee_machine, swimming_pool));
}
std::vector<std::thread> threadList;
threadList.emplace_back(std::thread(&Receptionist::accommodate_guests, std::ref(receptionist)));
for (Guest guest : guests)
{
threadList.emplace_back(std::thread(&Guest::have_holiday, std::ref(guest)));
}
for (std::thread &t : threadList)
{
t.join();
}
return 0;
}
但是,客人进入房间后出现在终端上的线条与我想象的不太一样。访客ID的范围是0到14,房间ID的范围是0到9,但是在输出中似乎只有房间或多或少可以。我不知道为什么来宾ID是一个随机大整数,而不是我在对象构造时分配的ID。
我对多线程和条件变量的经验不是很丰富,并且几乎不知道如何解决该问题,因为我做了很多思考,却一无所获。非常感谢您的帮助。
一些示例输出:
Guest 5 accomodated in room 32657
Guest -624431120 accomodated in room 7
Guest -624431120 accomodated in room 9
Guest -624431120 accomodated in room 8
Guest -624431120 accomodated in room 5
Guest -624431120 accomodated in room 4
Guest -624431120 accomodated in room 3
Guest -624431120 accomodated in room 2
Guest -624431120 accomodated in room 0
Guest -624431120 accomodated in room 6
^C
要么
Guest 4 accomodated in room 32539
Guest -497561616 accomodated in room 1
Guest -497561616 accomodated in room 9
Guest -497561616 accomodated in room 5
Guest -497561616 accomodated in room 8
Guest -497561616 accomodated in room 6
Guest -497561616 accomodated in room 7
Guest -497561616 accomodated in room 3
Guest -497561616 accomodated in room 4
Guest -497561616 accomodated in room 0
^C
要么
Guest 4 accomodated in room 32746
Guest -1510756368 accomodated in room 8
Guest -1510756368 accomodated in room 1
Guest -1510756368 accomodated in room 7
Guest -1510756368 accomodated in room 4
Guest -1510756368 accomodated in room 2
Guest -1510756368 accomodated in room 5
Guest -1510756368 accomodated in room 9
Guest -1510756368 accomodated in room 6
Guest -1510756368 accomodated in room 3
^C
更换:
带有:
In your code, you are creating a copy of guest in every iteration instead of using the existing one.
Pay attention to
Guest guest
[copy] vsGuest &guest
[reference].Read about references in C++.
另一个解决方法:
In this section, you are creating the guest object twice in each iteration. In
emplace_back
you can just pass the parameters for the constructor without creating a copy: