我使用了geotools库，在我的项目中，我已将所有依赖项添加到构建路径中，
从[Sourseforge。] [1]下载库。将相同的库添加到库中，当我尝试执行应用程序时，出现以下错误。
SLF4J: Detected both log4j-over-slf4j.jar AND slf4j-log4j12.jar on the class path, preempting StackOverflowError.
SLF4J: See also http://www.slf4j.org/codes.html#log4jDelegationLoop for more details.
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.ExceptionInInitializerError
at org.hsqldb.DatabaseManager.filePathToKey(Unknown Source)
at org.hsqldb.DatabaseManager.getDatabaseObject(Unknown Source)
at org.hsqldb.DatabaseManager.getDatabase(Unknown Source)
at org.hsqldb.DatabaseManager.newSession(Unknown Source)
at org.hsqldb.jdbc.JDBCConnection.<init>(Unknown Source)
at org.hsqldb.jdbc.JDBCDriver.getConnection(Unknown Source)
at org.hsqldb.jdbc.JDBCDataSource.getConnection(Unknown Source)
at org.hsqldb.jdbc.JDBCDataSource.getConnection(Unknown Source)
at org.geotools.referencing.factory.epsg.DirectEpsgFactory.getConnection(DirectEpsgFactory.java:3529)
at org.geotools.referencing.factory.epsg.ThreadedEpsgFactory.createBackingStore(ThreadedEpsgFactory.java:437)
at org.geotools.referencing.factory.DeferredAuthorityFactory.getBackingStore(DeferredAuthorityFactory.java:114)
at org.geotools.referencing.factory.BufferedAuthorityFactory.isAvailable(BufferedAuthorityFactory.java:218)
at org.geotools.referencing.factory.DeferredAuthorityFactory.isAvailable(DeferredAuthorityFactory.java:100)
at org.geotools.util.factory.FactoryRegistry.isAvailable(FactoryRegistry.java:808)
at org.geotools.util.factory.FactoryRegistry.isAcceptable(FactoryRegistry.java:631)
at org.geotools.util.factory.FactoryRegistry.lambda$getFactories$0(FactoryRegistry.java:300)
at java.util.stream.ReferencePipeline$2$1.accept(ReferencePipeline.java:174)
at java.util.Spliterators$IteratorSpliterator.tryAdvance(Spliterators.java:1812)
at java.util.stream.StreamSpliterators$WrappingSpliterator.lambda$initPartialTraversalState$0(StreamSpliterators.java:294)
at java.util.stream.StreamSpliterators$AbstractWrappingSpliterator.fillBuffer(StreamSpliterators.java:206)
at java.util.stream.StreamSpliterators$AbstractWrappingSpliterator.doAdvance(StreamSpliterators.java:161)
at java.util.stream.StreamSpliterators$WrappingSpliterator.tryAdvance(StreamSpliterators.java:300)
at java.util.Spliterators$1Adapter.hasNext(Spliterators.java:681)
at org.geotools.util.LazySet.isEmpty(LazySet.java:98)
at org.geotools.referencing.factory.ManyAuthoritiesFactory.<init>(ManyAuthoritiesFactory.java:115)
at org.geotools.referencing.DefaultAuthorityFactory.getBackingFactory(DefaultAuthorityFactory.java:114)
at org.geotools.referencing.DefaultAuthorityFactory.<init>(DefaultAuthorityFactory.java:67)
at org.geotools.referencing.CRS.getAuthorityFactory(CRS.java:253)
at org.geotools.referencing.CRS.decode(CRS.java:533)
at org.geotools.referencing.CRS.decode(CRS.java:447)
at org.geotools.dev.SelectApp.fromBytes(SelectApp.java:153)
at org.geotools.dev.SelectApp.selectAll(SelectApp.java:81)
at org.geotools.dev.SelectApp.main(SelectApp.java:96)
Caused by: java.lang.RuntimeException: Failed to instantiate Log4j Logger
at org.hsqldb.lib.FrameworkLogger.<init>(Unknown Source)
at org.hsqldb.lib.FrameworkLogger.getLog(Unknown Source)
at org.hsqldb.lib.FrameworkLogger.getLog(Unknown Source)
at org.hsqldb.lib.FileUtil.<clinit>(Unknown Source)
... 33 more
Caused by: java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
... 37 more
Caused by: java.lang.ExceptionInInitializerError
at org.apache.log4j.Logger.getLogger(Logger.java:39)
... 41 more
Caused by: java.lang.IllegalStateException: Detected both log4j-over-slf4j.jar AND slf4j-log4j12.jar on the class path, preempting StackOverflowError. See also http://www.slf4j.org/codes.html#log4jDelegationLoop for more details.
at org.apache.log4j.Log4jLoggerFactory.<clinit>(Log4jLoggerFactory.java:49)
... 42 more
我尝试过的沙发…，
正如在此[接受的答案] [2]中所建议的那样，我添加了排除项。仍然有相同的错误。
我对它们没有任何依赖性，即使我已经删除了两个jar文件，错误仍然保持不变！
我的Pom.xml
.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>org.geotools</groupId>
<artifactId>tutorial</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>jar</packaging>
<name>tutorial</name>
<url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<geotools.version>24-SNAPSHOT</geotools.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.11</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.geotools</groupId>
<artifactId>gt-shapefile</artifactId>
<version>${geotools.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.geotools</groupId>
<artifactId>gt-swing</artifactId>
<version>${geotools.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/log4j/log4j -->
<!-- <dependency>
<groupId>log4j</groupId>
<artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
<version>1.2.17</version>
</dependency> -->
</dependencies>
<repositories>
<repository>
<id>osgeo</id>
<name>OSGeo Release Repository</name>
<url>https://repo.osgeo.org/repository/release/</url>
<snapshots>
<enabled>false</enabled>
</snapshots>
<releases>
<enabled>true</enabled>
</releases>
</repository>
<repository>
<id>osgeo-snapshot</id>
<name>OSGeo Snapshot Repository</name>
<url>https://repo.osgeo.org/repository/snapshot/</url>
<snapshots>
<enabled>true</enabled>
</snapshots>
<releases>
<enabled>false</enabled>
</releases>
</repository>
</repositories>
<exclusions>
<exclusion>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
</exclusion>
<exclusion>
<groupId>log4j</groupId>
<artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
</exclusion>
</exclusions>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<inherited>true</inherited>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
<configuration>
<source>1.8</source>
<target>1.8</target>
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
[1]: https://sourceforge.net/projects/geotools/files/
[2]: ht
tps：//stackoverflow.com/questions/20117720/detected-both-log4j-over-slf4j-jar-and-slf4j-log4j12-jar-on-the-class-path-pree
